She is also an outdoor activist and spends most of her free time empowering other women to get outside into the backcountry.Terra Invicta, developed by Pavonis Interactive and published by Hooded Horse ( r/HoodedHorse) Her passion lies within educating the public on preventable diseases, including mental health disorders and the stigma associated with them. She is a family medicine physician and author, who also teaches and contributes to medicine board education. Kristen Fuller, M.D., is a clinical content writer and enjoys writing about evidence-based topics in the cutting-edge world of mental health and addiction medicine. Therefore, seeking treatment from a mental health professional who is trained in treating trauma and co-occurring disorders may be the best course of action. You may also have an undiagnosed co-occurring mental health or substance use disorder, or you may have underlying past trauma that has not yet been identified. If you are experiencing signs and symptoms associated with panic disorder, it is best to reach out to a therapist who has experience treating panic disorders and anxiety. However, anti-anxiety medications can be very addicting and therefore are not recommended long-term. Medications such as anti-anxiety medications and antidepressants may be given to help with symptoms of a panic attack. Individuals are taught coping skills and techniques to prevent panic attacks and to overcome the symptoms when they occur. Panic disorders are best treated with psychotherapy, specifically cognitive behavioral therapy, where individuals are taught to recognize the triggers that are causing the panic attacks. Panic disorders are very treatable, and once treated, most individuals will not have any complications. A malfunction in the brain may also cause panic disorders, and unfortunately, this may not be picked up on any radiologic scan, thereby creating “unexpected” panic attacks. Major life stressors and transitions such as a new job or the death of a loved one can trigger the development of panic disorder. Individuals who have an alcohol or substance use disorder are more likely to develop panic disorder. Panic disorders have a genetic link and, therefore, can be passed down from parent to offspring. Panic disorders, like many other mental health disorders, can be caused by many different factors. Some individuals will change their behaviors and lifestyles to avoid having another panic attack, which is one of the characteristics of a panic disorder. After the panic attack subsides, the individual may continue to feel uneasy and experience anxiety about having another attack. Panic attacks can be so intense that an individual may feel as though their life is in jeopardy. Unexpected panic attacks that occur “out of the blue” are more common in individuals who have a panic disorder. Symptoms usually peak within ten minutes and resolve shortly after leaving many individuals feeling unusual or worried after the event. Some panic attacks are known as “expected” because they occur after a known trigger such as the fear of flying, closed spaces, or heights. Panic attacks may appear suddenly, out of the blue, or can be triggered by underlying stressors.
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